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Cholesterol [57-88-5]

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Cat# HY-N0322-500mg

Size : 500mg

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Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist.

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Cholesterol Chemical Structure

Cholesterol Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 57-88-5

This product is a controlled substance and not for sale in your territory.

Based on 34 publication(s) in Google Scholar

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View All Estrogen Receptor/ERR Isoform Specific Products:

View All Isoforms
Estrogen receptor ERα ERβ ERRα ERRβ ERRγ
Description

Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3].

IC50 & Target

Microbial Metabolite

 

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

Cellular Effect
Cell Line Type Value Description References
A549 IC50
> 20 μM
Compound: b1
Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTS assay
Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTS assay
[PMID: 30822712]
BJ IC50
> 50 μM
Compound: Cholesterol
Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
[PMID: 22417637]
CCRF-CEM IC50
> 50 μM
Compound: Cholesterol
Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
[PMID: 22417637]
HeLa IC50
> 50 μM
Compound: Cholesterol
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
[PMID: 22417637]
HL-60 IC50
> 20 μM
Compound: b1
Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTS assay
Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTS assay
[PMID: 30822712]
HT-29 IC50
> 50 μM
Compound: 1
Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs by Alamar Blue assay
Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs by Alamar Blue assay
[PMID: 19473028]
MCF7 IC50
> 20 μM
Compound: b1
Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTS assay
Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTS assay
[PMID: 30822712]
MCF7 IC50
> 50 μM
Compound: Cholesterol
Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
[PMID: 22417637]
SMMC-7721 IC50
> 20 μM
Compound: b1
Antiproliferative activity against human SMMC7721 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTS assay
Antiproliferative activity against human SMMC7721 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTS assay
[PMID: 30822712]
SW480 IC50
> 20 μM
Compound: b1
Antiproliferative activity against human SW480 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTS assay
Antiproliferative activity against human SW480 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTS assay
[PMID: 30822712]
In Vitro

GT1-7 hypothalamic cells subjected to Cholesterol depletion in vitro produced 20-31% reductions in cellular Cholesterol content. All Cholesterol-depleted neuron-derived cells, exhibit decreased phosphorylation/activation of IRS-1 and AKT following stimulation by insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, or the neurotrophins (NGF and BDNF). Reduction in cellular Cholesterol also results in increased basal autophagy and impairment of induction of autophagy by glucose deprivation[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cholesterol Related Antibodies
In Vivo

Cholesterol can be used to create models of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. The metabolic half-life of Cholesterol varies from a few hours to several years, depending on its association with different lipoproteins and the specific tissues in which it is located[4].

Induction of Hyperlipidemia[5][6]
Background
Hyperlipidemia is a group of disorders characterized by elevated concentrations of circulating lipids, including cholesterol, cholesterol esters, phospholipids and triglycerides. If the intake of cholesterol is too much, and exceeds the body's metabolic capacity, it may lead to increased plasma cholesterol levels, causing hyperlipidemia.
Specific Mmodeling Methods
Rat: Wistar • male • 18-week-old (period: 8 weeks)
Administration: 2% cholesterol; diet • 8 weeks
Note
(1) Rats were housed in a room maintained at a 12-h light-dark cycle and a constant temperature of 22±2 °C
(2) Wistar rats were always chosen for hyperlipidemia studies since this species shows a moderate increase in serum cholesterol and triglyceride level due to a high-cholesterol diet and no substantial atherosclerosis develops; therefore, the direct myocardial effect of hyperlipidemia, independent from atherosclerosis, can be studied in this model.
Modeling Indicators
Molecular changes: Significant increase in total cholesterol levels in blood samples (about 20%)
Correlated Product(s): /
Opposite Product(s): /

Induction of atherosclerosis[7][8]
Background
High levels of cholesterol in the blood, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), can accumulate plaque on the walls of blood vessels, a process known as atherosclerosis. Over time, these plaques can block blood flow and cause serious health problems such as myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction.
Specific Mmodeling Methods
Rabbits: Oryctolagus cuniculus • male • 4–6-month-old (period: 16 weeks)
Administration: 0.3% cholesterol and 3% soybean oil; diet • 16 weeks
Note
(1) The cholesterol-fed rabbit is a widely used model for experimental atherosclerosis research as cholesterol only cause atherosclerotic changes in the rabbit arterial intima, which was very similar to human atherosclerosis.
(2) As the absorption of dietary cholesterol requires fat, you must add oil into the diet. Otherwise, rabbits will use their internal fat, which makes them lean or sick. In addition, using soybean oil, which consists of unsaturated fatty acids, can prevent the levels of plasma cholesterol from becoming too high. Other vegetable oils, such as peanut oil or corn oil, can be used because they are all unsaturated fatty acids. Animal fat (saturated fatty acids) like tallow and lard is not recommended.
(3) 0.3–0.5% cholesterol diet is recommended for most experiments. Rabbits cannot tolerate a 1–2% cholesterol diet for a month as they develop severe liver dysfunction.
(4) Adult rabbits at 4 months or older can consume approximately ~150 g a day. You can either feed ab libitum or restricted (100–150 g/day/adult rabbit).
(5) Plasma lipids should be measured weekly, especially for the first 4 weeks, because you need to determine whether plasma levels of cholesterol are elevated in each animal. Non-responder rabbits can be excluded from the experiments if their plasma cholesterol levels do not increase after cholesterol diet feeding.
(6) Plasma lipoproteins can be measured at 8 and 16 weeks when the plasma levels of cholesterol are stable.
(7) The age of rabbits should be considered because young rabbits are more susceptible to aortic atherosclerosis than old rabbits even though they have similar plasma cholesterol levels. 4–6-month-old rabbits are usually used for cholesterol feeding experiments.
(8) Male and female rabbits are different in terms of response to a cholesterol diet and atherosclerosis. In our experience, female rabbits develop higher hypercholesterolemia and greater aortic lesions than their counterpart male rabbits. In general, male rabbits are recommended for experiments because estrogen may influence the results.
Modeling Indicators
Histological changes: atherosclerosis lesions can be seen on HE stained aortic arch and thoracic aorta segments
Correlated Product(s): Soybean oil (HY-108750)
Opposite Product(s): /

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

386.65

Formula

C27H46O
CAS No.

57-88-5
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O[C@H](C1)CC[C@@]2(C)C1=CC[C@]3(21)[C@]2(21)CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@]3(21)CC[C@]4(21)[C@@H](CCCC(C)C)C
Structure Classification
  • Steroids
Initial Source
  • Endogenous metabolite
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

Ethanol : 20 mg/mL (51.73 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.5863 mL 12.9316 mL 25.8632 mL
5 mM 0.5173 mL 2.5863 mL 5.1726 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% EtOH    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 1.43 mg/mL (3.70 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.43 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (14.3 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% EtOH    90% Corn Oil

    Solubility: ≥ 1.43 mg/mL (3.70 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.43 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (14.3 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.94%

SDS (393 KB)

COA (246 KB) GC (175 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

  • [1]. Casaburi I, et al. Cholesterol as an Endogenous ERRα Agonist: A New Perspective to Cancer Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018 Sep 11;9:525.  [Content Brief]

    [2]. Dietschy JM, et al. Thematic review series: brain Lipids. Cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system during early development and in the mature animal. J Lipid Res. 2004 Aug;45(8):1375-97.  [Content Brief]

    [3]. Fukui K, et al. Effect of Cholesterol Reduction on Receptor Signaling in Neurons. J Biol Chem. 2015 Sep 14.  [Content Brief]

    [4]. Puskás LG, et al. Cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemia influences gene expression pattern of rat hearts: a DNA microarray study. FEBS Lett. 2004 Mar 26;562(1-3):99-104.  [Content Brief]

    [5]. Onody A, et al. Hyperlipidemia induced by a cholesterol-rich diet leads to enhanced peroxynitrite formation in rat hearts. Cardiovasc Res. 2003 Jun 1;58(3):663-70.  [Content Brief]

    [6]. Baumer Y, et al. Hyperlipidemia-induced cholesterol crystal production by endothelial cells promotes atherogenesis. Nat Commun. 2017 Oct 24;8(1):1129.  [Content Brief]

    [7]. Finking G, et al. Nikolaj Nikolajewitsch Anitschkow (1885-1964) established the cholesterol-fed rabbit as a model for atherosclerosis research. Atherosclerosis. 1997 Nov;135(1):1-7.  [Content Brief]

    [8]. Fan J, et al. Use of Rabbit Models to Study Atherosclerosis. Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2419:413-431.  [Content Brief]

  • [1]. Casaburi I, et al. Cholesterol as an Endogenous ERRα Agonist: A New Perspective to Cancer Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018 Sep 11;9:525.

    [2]. Dietschy JM, et al. Thematic review series: brain Lipids. Cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system during early development and in the mature animal. J Lipid Res. 2004 Aug;45(8):1375-97.

    [3]. Fukui K, et al. Effect of Cholesterol Reduction on Receptor Signaling in Neurons. J Biol Chem. 2015 Sep 14.

    [4]. Puskás LG, et al. Cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemia influences gene expression pattern of rat hearts: a DNA microarray study. FEBS Lett. 2004 Mar 26;562(1-3):99-104.

    [5]. Onody A, et al. Hyperlipidemia induced by a cholesterol-rich diet leads to enhanced peroxynitrite formation in rat hearts. Cardiovasc Res. 2003 Jun 1;58(3):663-70.

    [6]. Baumer Y, et al. Hyperlipidemia-induced cholesterol crystal production by endothelial cells promotes atherogenesis. Nat Commun. 2017 Oct 24;8(1):1129.

    [7]. Finking G, et al. Nikolaj Nikolajewitsch Anitschkow (1885-1964) established the cholesterol-fed rabbit as a model for atherosclerosis research. Atherosclerosis. 1997 Nov;135(1):1-7.

    [8]. Fan J, et al. Use of Rabbit Models to Study Atherosclerosis. Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2419:413-431.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
Ethanol 1 mM 2.5863 mL 12.9316 mL 25.8632 mL 64.6580 mL
5 mM 0.5173 mL 2.5863 mL 5.1726 mL 12.9316 mL
10 mM 0.2586 mL 1.2932 mL 2.5863 mL 6.4658 mL
15 mM 0.1724 mL 0.8621 mL 1.7242 mL 4.3105 mL
20 mM 0.1293 mL 0.6466 mL 1.2932 mL 3.2329 mL
25 mM 0.1035 mL 0.5173 mL 1.0345 mL 2.5863 mL
30 mM 0.0862 mL 0.4311 mL 0.8621 mL 2.1553 mL
40 mM 0.0647 mL 0.3233 mL 0.6466 mL 1.6164 mL
50 mM 0.0517 mL 0.2586 mL 0.5173 mL 1.2932 mL
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Cholesterol Related Classifications

  • Oligonucleotides
  • Emulsifiers
  • Metabolic Disease Cancer
  • Cancer Immunotherapy Cancer Metabolism and Metastasis
  • Vitamin D Related/Nuclear Receptor Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Anti-infection
  • Liposome Estrogen Receptor/ERR Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial
Help & FAQs

Keywords:

Cholesterol57-88-5LiposomeEstrogen Receptor/ERREndogenous MetaboliteBacterialDiabetesSREBP2insulinphosphorylationIRS-1AKTexocyticunesterifiedtransporterssignalingERRαInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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