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> κ-Carrageenan [11114-20-8]

κ-Carrageenan [11114-20-8]

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Descripciòn

κ-Carrageenan is a natural polymer which predominantly available in red seaweeds. κ-Carrageenan is an effective agent carrier to deliver curcumin in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. κ-carrageenan serves as a potential inflammatory agent that magnifies existing intestinal inflammation[1][2].

In Vitro

κ-Car- Curcumin (Cur) (0-500 μg/mL; 24-72 hours) effectively involves in cancer cell growth inhibition at lower concentrations of 40 μg/mL[1].
The cytotoxicity of the Cur loaded κ-Car has a significantly high apoptotic activity in selected lung cancer cells of A549[1].
κ-Carrageenan (1-60 μg/mL; 0.5-24 hours) enhances LPS-induced IL-8 secretion in HT-29 cells[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

κ-Carrageenan Related Antibodies

Cell Viability Assay[1]

Cell Line: A549 cells
Concentration: 0-500 μg/mL
Incubation Time: 24, 48 and 72 hours
Result: The dose response effects of cells treated with Cur loaded κ-Car after incubation of 24, 48 and 72 h exhibited a significant IC50 values of 65, 50 and 40 μg/mL respectively, for 24, 48, 72 h ours.
In Vivo

κ-Carrageenan can be used in animal modeling to create paw edema, colitis, and thrombosis models. κ-Carrageenan has oral activity; after oral administration, its concentration in BALB/c mice peaks at 3 hours, with an average residence time of 36.6 hours and a clearance rate of 0.1 L/h/kg. Most of the κ-Carrageenan is excreted via feces, while 9.2% is excreted through urine, indicating rapid absorption, slow elimination, and prolonged retention in the body. Additionally, κ-Carrageenan accumulates in the liver and kidneys. After 14 days of oral administration of κ-Carrageenan, hepatocyte necrosis, renal tubular vacuolation, and incomplete colonic epithelial cells are observed. Four hours after intraperitoneal injection of κ-Carrageenan, minor infarcts and erythema appear at the tips of rat tails, with infarct length increasing in a time-dependent manner and stabilizing 24 hours post-injection. Twenty-four hours is determined as the time point for successful establishment of the thrombosis model[4][5][6][7][8][9].

Induction of paw edema[5][6]
Background
κ-Carrageenan induces paw edema by promoting the release of pro-inflammatory factors, leading to localized inflammation.
Specific Modeling Methods
Rat: Wistar • male • 80-110 days old • 240-285 g
Administration: 0.1 mL • sc • single dose
Note
κ-Carrageenan is suspended in 0.5% Ringer's solution at a concentration of 1%.
Modeling Indicators
Phenotypic observation: Increased foot volume between the ankle joint and the tibiotarsal joint.
Molecular changes: Neutrophil migration to the foot area of rats injected with κ-carrageenan, along with elevated expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors such as bradykinin, histamine, tachykinins, complement, and reactive oxygen species.
Correlated Product(s): /
Opposite Product(s): /

Induction of colitis[7][8]
Background
κ-Carrageenan induces the expression of pro-inflammatory factors by promoting interactions between intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells (macrophage-like THP-1 cells), thereby disrupting the integrity and function of the intestinal epithelial cells. κ-Carrageenan can also enhance the induction of colitis in mice by TNBS through the activation of the TLR4-NF-κB and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways.
Specific Modeling Methods
Mice: C57BL/6J • male and female • 20-25 g • 6-week-old
Administration: 1.7, 8.3, 41.7 mg/kg • po • single dose
Note
κ-Carrageenan is dissolved in physiological saline.
Modeling Indicators
Phenotypic observation: Weight loss in mice, slight shortening and thickening of the distal colon, with colonic edema and hemorrhage. Damage to the surface of epithelial mucosal cells and disintegration of microvilli.
Molecular changes: Significant upregulation of IL-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression, with a notable decrease in IL-10 expression. The enzymatic activity of SOD and GSH-px in the colonic mucosa is reduced, while the expression of TLR4, NF-κB, p-ERK, p-JNK, p-Jun, IL-8, and MDA is upregulated.
Correlated Product(s): TNBS (2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid)
Opposite Product(s): /

Induction of thrombosis[9]
Background
κ-Carrageenan induces thrombosis by causing localized vascular inflammation and endothelial cell damage through the release of inflammatory factors.
Specific Modeling Methods
Rat: Wistar • male • 150-160 g • 7-week-old
Administration: 20 mg/kg • ip • single dose
Note
κ-Carrageenan is dissolved in physiological saline.
Modeling Indicators
Phenotypic observation: Swelling, redness, and thrombosis in the tails of rats.
Coagulation parameter changes: In the tails of rats with thrombus formation, prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen (FIB) significantly increased, while thrombin time (TT) significantly decreased, as determined by classical coagulation testing methods.
Correlated Product(s): /
Opposite Product(s): Aspirin Eugenol Ester

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Male and female NIH (s) mice[2]
Dosage: 1.7 mg/kg, LOW; 8.3 mg/kg, MED; or 41.7 mg/kg, HIG
Administration: Orally administered for 1 week prior to C. freundii DBS100 treatment
Result: Enhanced the C. freundii DBS100-dependent induction of TLR4 and NF-κB in the intestinal mucosa of infected mice.
No. CAS
Appearance

Solid

Color

Off-white to light yellow

SMILES

[K-Carrageenan]
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Envío

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Almacenamiento
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvente y solubilidad
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 8.33 mg/mL (ultrasonic and warming and heat to 80°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : 8 mg/mL (ultrasonic and warming and heat to 80°C)

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 0.83 mg/mL; Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.83 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (8.3 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 0.83 mg/mL; Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.83 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (8.3 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 8.33 mg/mL; Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C
Pureza y Documentación
Referencias