96 Tests PN: A111158
32 Tests PN: A111158T
Components:
45x Ab-conjugated beads (S4P4 - human IL-21 Ab-bead).
25x Biotin-detection Ab (human IL-21 Biotin-dAb).
Lyophilized Standard Mix-Human Group 2 Panel B, 10-Plex.
Application: Optimal antibody pair and antigen standard for assaying human IL-21. Can be multiplexed with other analytes in Human Group 2. To be used in conjunction with the AimPlex NR Basic Kit (96 Tests PN: P100001, 32 Tests PN: P100001T) and a diluent kit. Refer to the AimPlex Multiplex Immunoassay User Manual and kit inserts for the assay procedure.
Storage: 2-8 C in the dark.
Important: Sodium azide forms explosive compounds with heavy metals. These products contain <0.05% (w/w) azide which with repeated contact with lead and copper commonly found in plumbing drains may result in the buildup of shock sensitive compounds. Dispose in accordance with regulations from your institute.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
Assay Specifications:
Description:
Interleukin 21 (Accession Q9HBE4) is produced by NK and CD4+ cells. It’s role in the Il-10-IL-21-STAT3 pathway has been identified as being integral for CD8+ T cell memory, crucial for long-term immunity. IL-21 operates within the innate and adaptive immune systems and has roles in antiviral and anti-tumor responses for solid tumors. However, it also promotes the development of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases tend to have an overproduction of IL-21, though its involvement in the disease is currently unknown. IL-21 also promotes systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and psoriasis. IL-21 inhibitor therapy trials are underway.
References:
Cui W et al. An Interleukin-21-Interleukin-10-STAT3 Pathway is Critical for Functional Maturation of Memory CD8+ T Cells. Immunity. 2011; 35(5): 792-805. Doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.09.017.
Fina D, et al. Regulation of Gut Inflammation and Th17 Cell Response by Interleukin-21. Gastroenterology. 2008; 134(4): 1038-1048. Doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.01.041.
Spolski R, Leonard WJ. Interleukin-21: Basic Biology and Implications for Cancer and Autoimmunity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2007; 26: 57-79. Doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090316.
Spolski R, Leonard WJ. Interleukin-21: a double-edged sword with therapeutic potential. Nature. 2014; 13 (379). Doi: 10.1038/nrd4296.